Why would you need to do that at first?
If you have a Linux Server without graphical interface (such as Ubuntu Server), I'd say that there is no easy way to do this. If you have graphical interface, then you can use VirtualBox to run Windows and then lunch kRO updater to update your data GRF and/or GRF Editor to update your custom GRF.
If you need to update your GRF just for the mapcache, I'd say it's more easy to just build the mapcache and upload it on the server.